Compared with ambient conditions, there is an even larger positive biodiversity effect on plant biomass production because of an increase in interspecific complementation in the face of a few pressures 4, 9. Previous studies suggest that a single or a combination of just a few anthropogenic pressures can regulate the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions through interspecific interactions 1, 4, 7, 8, 9. There is an urgent need to investigate how multiple anthropogenic pressures influence the effects of soil biodiversity on ecosystem functions for a better understanding of the consequence of multiple pressures on ecosystem sustainability. Soil biodiversity, one of the largest reservoirs of biodiversity on Earth, is of significant importance for the maintenance of multiple ecosystem functions 17, 18, 19, 20. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether biodiversity can sustain the provisioning of ecosystem functions under multiple anthropogenic pressures. For instance, the co-occurrence of multiple pressures, or at least some combination of pressures, including nutrient eutrophication, warming, drought, mechanic compaction, heavy metal pollution, residues of plastic mulching film and pesticides, has been reported by recent studies in intensively managed agroecosystems 10, 13, 14, 15, 16. However, ecosystems can simultaneously encounter multiple anthropogenic pressures 10, 11, 12, 13. The main evidence for the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning comes from experiments with biodiversity manipulation under ambient environmental conditions or a few anthropogenic pressures 1, 4, 7, 8, 9.
Our study indicates that reducing the number of anthropogenic pressures should be a goal in ecosystem management, in addition to biodiversity conservation.īiodiversity is fundamental for providing and sustaining ecosystem functions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This was attributable to the reduction of soil fungal abundance and the relative abundance of an ecological cluster of coexisting soil bacterial and fungal taxa. Higher soil microbial diversity had a positive effect on soil functions and properties when no or few (i.e., 1–4) global change factors were applied, but this positive effect was eliminated by the co-occurrence of numerous global change factors. Here we investigated the effects of soil microbial diversity on soil functions and properties when faced with an increasing number of simultaneous global change factors in experimental microcosms. However, ecosystems are now exposed to a rapidly growing number of anthropogenic pressures, and it remains unknown whether biodiversity can still promote ecosystem functions under multifaceted pressures.
Biodiversity is crucial for the provision of ecosystem functions.
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